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2005 Large-scale Project of Cultural & Scientific Prospecting Researching – Xuanzang’s Path
The Large-scale Project of Cultural & Scientific Prospecting Researching《 Xuanzang’s Path 》 canvass business project:
The activity cooperation sponsor:The basis circumstance USD $1000 goes to ten thousand dollars of USD $3Millions.
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Your donation is fully deductible for federal income tax purposes as no goods or services were provided in exchange for your contribution. Thanks!
The large television cultural heritage records the slice 《Xuanzang’s Path 》 exclusive sponsor:Ten thousand dollars of USD $3Millions.
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This activity publicity expects long time-- one year. All-directions, the publicity and the public relations activity that keep on; The result of investigate will cause the medium to turn to carry in great quantities.
《Xuanzang’s Path 》
Table of Contents
Xuanzang – Lone Pilgrim in Search of Enlightenment 4
Why Retake the “Xuanzang’s Path” 6
Initiators and Organizers 10
Advisory Committee 12
Forms and Social Objectives for the Cultural Researching 14
Content Design for Project and Program 16
Personnel Composition of the Cultural Researching Team 19
Roadmap and Traversed Countries 21
Key Sections to be Investigated 23
Implementation Progress 25
Unique Publicity and Promotion Values 30
Predictable Hardship and Risk 32
Appendix 34
Adventure path in search of enlightenment 34
Clashes and echoes of two major civilizations 35
Follow Xuanzang’s footprints 37
Stone Tablet – Preface for Great Tang Sanzang Scriptures 42
Xuanzang – Lone Pilgrim in Search of Enlightenment 3
Why Retake the “Xuanzang’s Path” 5
Initiators and Organizers 9
Advisory Committee 11
Forms and Social Objectives for the Cultural Prospecting 13
Content Design for Project and Program 15
Personnel Composition of the Cultural Prospecting Team 18
Roadmap and Traversed Countries 20
Key Prospected Sections 22
Implementation Progress 24
Unique Publicity and Promotion Values 28
Predictable Hardship and Risk 30
Appendix 32
Adventure path in search of enlightenment 32
Clashes and echoes of two major civilizations 33
Follow Xuanzang’s footprints 35
Stone Tablet – Preface of the Great Tang Sanzang Scriptures 40
*Xuanzang – Lone Pilgrim in Search of Enlightenment
In autumn 627, the first year of during the reign of Emperor Tang Zhenguang, the 28-year-old monk master Xuanzang involved mixed himself with in escaping refugees and stealthily left Chang’an to start his solitude westward pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures.
For a period of 17 years, Xuanzang experienced various hardships, suffering from hunger, traveling across deserts and snow covered mountains, fighting storms and bandits, although he narrowly escaped in many times, he never gave giving up a second thought.with so many near escapes from death, but he never gave it a thought to give up. There was only one goal in Xuanzang’s mind: “go for genuine Buddhist scriptures and get rid of fake ones. The eastward journey home will never be made until I arrive in India.”
17 years later, when Li Shimin, Tang Emperor Taizong, who once ordered the arrest of Xuanzang as a criminal at large, welcomed home himhim love with a state ceremony in Chang’an, the city’s was crowded with people vying with each other to catch a glance at the sage and warrior who was mythologized as “Tang Seng” (Tang Monk).
Back in Chang’an, Xuanzang focused on bent his head over translating Buddhist scriptures for 19 years until he passed away, leaving behind him 1,335 scrolls of translated Buddhist scriptures, widely distributed across China and to Japan, Korea and Southeast Asian nations, making a huge contribution for ato the Buddhist renaissance in the East;
Never have has there been a any historical figure with a real record in the history of China be like Xuanzang who was turned into a mythological figure well known even to women and children. The fact alone is enough as an evidence for Xuanzang’s position in the history of China. What has been left by XuanzangXuanzang has left is far more than 1,335 scrolls of translated Buddhist scriptures and Mahayana which has been widely carried forward to nations such as distributed in Japan, Korea and Southeast Asian nations. It is a widely open mind and a national spirit that is indomitable in search of enlightenment!
Lu Xun said that far back in early times in the history of China, there were people who worked like a horse or a fighter, who pleaded for the people, who sacrificed himself on his pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures …. They are China’s backbones. Xuanzang, an effeminate monk, is one of them.
*Why Retake the “Xuanzang’s Path”
Xuanzang is a worldwide known philosopher, traveler, translator, Buddhist master and outstanding messenger in traffic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. His dedication spirit in his westward pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures regardless of any dangers to his life, his persevere for knowledge, his indomitable efforts in pursuing a noble goal, his patriotism for the Great Tang Empire without any considerations for his own fame and gain and his internationalist spirit, etc., have long merged into the Chinese ideologies and become a key part of the national spirit and culture;
Furthermore, Xuanzang’s pilgrimage is also a powerful proof for the adventurous spirit of Chinese people. The fact that Xuanzang arrived in India by foot without entourage several hundred years before Marco Polo’s adventure is not only a personal victory for Xuanzang but also a sign for the full-fledged the Chinese culture entered the full-fledged period;
Xuanzang’s pilgrimage also teaches us how to face the globalization with a more open mind. Amartya Sen, Laureate of the 1998 Nobel Economics Prize, specifically pointed out that Xuanzang’s westward journey is was an extremely important stroke in the history of globalization, indicating not only a trade globalization but also, and more importantly, a cultural globalization, that Xuanzang’s success in absorbing overseas cultures and diffusing the Chinese civilization with an extremely open mind has created some key cultural qualities in Asian especially East Asian civilizations and that the historical significance of Xuanzang’s westward journey has long transcended time, geographical and religious confines to become a common wealth for all mankind;
The year 2004 is the 1,340th anniversary for Xuanzang to passing away. In September 2004, the News Office of the State Council dubbed Confucius, Lao Tzu, Sun Tzu, Qu Yuan and Xuanzang as the first lineup of Chinese historical saints for the purpose of overseas propaganda. The contributions and values of Xuanzang have been increasingly recognized not only because his historical contributions to the development of Buddhism in Asia and the Chinese culture but also, and more importantly, his widely open mind and perseverant pursuits, which are still nourishing such a great nation as ours. Xuanzang’s spirit not only made the Tang Dynasty at its height of prosperity arrogantly positioned among nations of the world more than 1,300 years ago but is also still valuable as a reference for the modernization campaign to reinvigorate the Chinese nation;
…
More than 1,300 years of blow sand, wars and turbulence, however, have buried into oblivion Xuanzang’s Path in search of enlightenment. Not Uuntil the 1980s and 1990s have, more and more people, attracted by the shining aureola over Xuanzang’s Path, have begun packing up ed for a great journey of cultural adventure to share Xuanzang’s feelings of unparalleled piety during those years …
The ever-increasing heat for Xuanzang comes not only from worldwide attentions to the messenger of cultural exchanges but also, and more importantly, from Chinese people’s awareness of self-cultural examinations and their increased enlightenment searching and exploring spirits. That is undoubtedly a fore runner for the Oriental giant to grow up and play as an awesome power once again, but –
There has by far been not any organized cultural prospecting researching with a considerable scale for Xuanzang’s Path, nor full observations and reports for the path. However, the contributions made to the Chinese culture or even East Asian cultures by Xuanzang’s Path on his pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures are no less than the Silk Road. Today, when Chinese people’s awareness of self-cultural examinations keeps increasing, the major historical and realistic significance for this prospecting researching has become self-evident.
This project of cultural prospectingresearching, Xuanzang’s Path, is the first multi-regional project guided by the Chinese government, initiated by mainstream domestic media agencies and the Xuanzang research institutions and , concerned with the path for Xuanzang’s westward journey. Embodied with wisdom of well-known Chinese and overseas Xuanzang researchers, the project will be is supported by national governments along the path and gathers strengths from elites in various fields and major media agencies. It will definitely promote the whole society to learn from, and contemplate on, Xuanzang’s spirit, indicating a very important realistic significance for us to boost the nation’s self-confidence, strengthen national cohesion, reshape the national spirit and work energetically for the great reinvigoration the Chinese nation.
*Initiators and Organizers
AMERICAN BUDDHISM FOUNDATION: Large-scale Project of Cultural & Scientific Prospecting Researching – Xuanzang’s Path
CCTV
China Xuanzang Research Center Administration
Undertaker: CCTV Science & Education Program Production Center
Beijing Science & Education Film Studio
Beijing Bodajingshen Ad .Co.Itd
Preparation Team:
Wang Xijian sub-Party Team member, CCTV
Secretary of the Party Committee, Beijing Science & Education Film Studio
Xue Jijun Editorial Committee member, CCTV
Director, Beijing Science & Education Film Studio
Wang Zheyi Deputy director, No.1 Office, State Religious Administration
Sun Baogang Secretary general, China Xuanzang Research Center
Wen Ti Director, Planing & Promoting Department, CCTV Science & Education Program Production Center
Producer of the column Everybody, CCTV
Li Xiangdong Producer of the column Everybody, CCTV
Qu Xiangdong Chief project supervisor, Planing & Promoting Department, CCTV Science & Education Program Production Center
Anchorman of the column Everybody, CCTV
Yu Weimin Planing & Promoting Department, CCTV Science & Education Program Production Center
Advisory Committee
Honorary advisor:
Ji Xianlin Well-known Buddhist scholar, Orientalist
Chief advisors:
Ye Xiaowen Director, State Religious Administration
Ren Jiyu Well-known Buddhist scholar, philosopher, former director of the State Library (invited)
Feng Qiyong Deputy president, China Yanhuang Culture Research Association
Huang Xinchuan Director, China Xuanzang Research Center
Ven. Dharmapal Mahathera Indian Monk Master
A.k.Narain Secretary general of International Federation of Buddhism, president of Indian Byrnes University
Professor, University of Wisconsin, USA
Ravindra Panth President of Indian Nalanda University, abbot of Nalanda Temple
Director of Indian Xuanzang Memorial Hall
Kamal Shee Director of Foreign Language Department, Indian Byrnes University, expert in Chinese history
前田专学 Chairman of Executive Council, Academy of Hindu & Buddhist Studies, Japan (invited)
Madan Regmi Director, China Research Center, Nepal
Advisory Team:
Wang Zheyi Deputy director, No.1 Office, State Religious Administration
Wang Bangwei President of Oriental Culture School, Beijing University
Huang Xianian Director, World Religion Research magazine
Wang Binghua Director, Xinjiang Archeological Institute
Sun Baogang Secretary general, Xuanzang Research Center
Zhu Yuqi Professor, Xinjiang Normal University
Meng Xianshi Professor of History Department, People’s University of China
*Forms and Social Objectives for the Cultural Prospecting Researching
Forms:
Concerned scholars, celebrities from various circles and reporters will be invited to form a cultural & scientific prospecting researching team of about 40 people, including media and supporting personnel. They will drive about 15 cross-country cars and operating vehicles to begin the journey from Xi’an, along the path taken by Xuanzang, and spend three months or so to arrive at the Indian capital New Delhi and the famous Buddhist sanctum Nalanda Temple, visiting historical relics, making observations, collecting folk stories and conducting cultural exchanges with concerned departments of local and national governments along the way; a TV documentary titled Xuanzang will also be shot;
Social objectives:
Through implementation, promotion and publicizing publicity of this project, to experience Xuanzang’s immersive state in his fearless search of enlightenment, awaken Chinese people’s adventurous and explorative spirits, promote cultural exchanges between China and peripheral nations, boost self-confidence and self-esteem for the Chinese nation and demonstrate the peaceful and friendly historical image of the Chinese nation;
*Content Design for Project and Program
Nalanda Temple Site – Destination Point of Xuanzang’s Path
Contents of the cultural prospecting researching project:
First-hand investigation of Xuanzang’s Path on his pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures;
Field archeological activities at key sections of Xuanzang’s Path on his pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures;
Field release and follow-up studies of investigation results;
Shooting the TV documentary titled Xuanzang along the way;
Cultural exchanges with key cities and nations along the way;
Intensive field news coverage (TV, broadcast, planar media and network) along the way;
News releases and independent activities;
Business Forum, “Xuanzang Spirit and China’s Business Exploration Spirit”;
An international academic symposium on Xuanzang’s Path and publication of collected research papers;
Publication of a large-sized picture album, Xuanzang’s Path;
Shooting of a large-scale documentary Xuanzang;
“Five A” for program design
q A road section:
True experience road section: desert experience on horse or camel back, from the Yumenguan Pass built during the Tang Dynasty to Yiwu, along ancient post roads where Xuanzang was in danger in the desert for four days and five nights all alone, with local camel farmers as guides;
q A historical site:
Live broadcast or preliminary live broadcast of archeological discoveries: locate a key archeological discovery or site processed preliminarily along way for on-site release with demonstrations by professional archeological workers;
q A visit:
Horse-back investigation: with reference to Xuanzang’s Notes on Western Regions under the Reign of the Great Tang and records on ancient post roads, around the Tianshan Mountains along the China-Kirghizia and China-Kazakstan borders, pay a visit to the ancient road where Xuanzang went cross snow covered mountains and suffered from an avalanche;
q An activity:
A public welfare activity for the purpose of carrying forward Xuanzang’s spirits;
q A film:
TV documentary Xuanzang;
*Personnel Composition of the Cultural Prospecting Researching Team
Cultural prospecting researching team (45 people as planned):
Advisors and archeological researchers, 6;
Celebrities and entrepreneurs, 6;
Documentary writer and shooting crew, 3;
TV reporters (from two stations), 4;
Newspaper and magazine reporters (from 4 agencies), 4;
Broadcast station and network reporters (from 3 agencies), 3;
Picture album photographers, 2;
Logistical supporting personnel from travel agencies, 3:
Satellite transmission van crew, 3;
Fleet leader, full-time chauffeurs, maintenance personnel, 10;
Team doctor, 1;
*Roadmap and Traversed Countries
Path taken by Xuanzang on his westward journey
Chang’an (now Xi’an, Shaanxi) – Qinzhou (now Tianshui, Gansu) – Lanzhou – Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu) – Guazhou (now southeastern Anxi County, Gansu) – Yumenguan Pass – Yiwu (now Hami, Xinjiang) – Gaochang (now Turpan, Xinjiang) – State of Aqini (now Yanqi, Xinjiang) – State of Quzhi (now Keche, Xinjiang) – State of Balujia (now Akesu, Xinjiang) – Lingshan Mountain (now Musuer Range, Tianshan Mountains) – Daqingchi (now Issac Kul, Kirghizia) – Suye City (i.e. Suiye City, now southwestern Tokmok, Kirghizia) – Zhaowu nine clans and seven states (all within what is now Uzbekistan) – Tiemen (兹嘎拉山口 in southern Uzbekistan) – now northern Afghanistan border – Great Snow Mountains (now the Hindu Kush) – now Begram, Afghanistan – Peshawar City, Pakistan – India
Xuanzang’s homeward path
Northward journey from what is now Pakistan – Afghanistan – Cong Range (the Pamirs) – Daliusha (Takla Makan Desert) – Dunhuang –Guazhou (now southeastern Anxi County, Gansu) – Chang’an;
Traversed countries
China – Kirghizia – Uzbekistan – Afghanistan – Pakistan – India – Nepal
Cultural & scientific prospecting researching paths will be adjusted as appropriate for traffic and security conditions (see Risk and Hardship section) ;
Key Prospected Sections to be Investigated
Key prospecting researching sections
Chang’an (now Xi’an, Shaanxi): where Xuanzang began his journey and translated Buddhist scriptures;
Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu): a town of military importance along the Silk Road, with two-thirds of its population being foreign businessmen when Xuanzang began his journey. Xuanzang gained an international reputation for the first time for giving lectures on Buddhist scriptures here;
Yumenguan Pass built during the Tang Dynasty (now Anxi County, Gansu): frontier juncture during early years of the Tang Dynasty, with fascinating adventures for Xuanzang to stealingly got across five Yumen passes; prototype figure for the monkey king – the monk Shipan;
Ancient City of Gaochang (now Turpan, Xinjiang): a turning point in Xuanzang’s pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures;
Luobupo: famous ancient state of Loulan along Xuanzang’s homeward journey;
Lingshan Mountain (now Musuer Range, Tianshan Mountains): adventures in Tianshan Mountains;
Suiye City (now within Kirghizia): a famous city in western areas during ancient times;
State of Samojian (now Samarkand): a town of military importance along the Silk Road, called as China’s Gate during the Tang Dynasty;
Great Snow Mountains (now the Hindu Kush): Xuanzang called it “Major Headache”;
State of Fanyanna (now Bamiyan): well-known Bamiyan Buddhist statues and lying Buddhist statues;
Peshawar City, Pakistan: a prosperous place during early years of Buddhism;
India (New Delhi – Lumbini – Nalanda): India’s Buddhist sanctum, where Xuanzang gained reverence across India;
*Implementation Progress
Ancient City of Gaochang – a turning point in Xuanzang’s Path
Proposal design and personnel preparation:
Time: January – March 2005
Content: Adjust and improve overall planning proposal for the cultural prospectingresearching;
Complete all procedures for project approval;
Establish the advisory team;
Form cultural prospecting researching team and begin pre-stage preparation;
News release and warm-up:
Time: April 2005
Content: First news release (Beijing);
Decide on media personnel and promotion plan;
Warm-up period (implementation of media warm-up plan);
Complete first draft for the documentary;
First expert review on cultural prospecting researching plans;
On-site road survey and production of tour manual:
Time: May – June 2005
Content: Path and road condition survey;
Decide on meal, accommodation and traffic schedules;
Contact cooperation cities and work out publicity plan;
Complete required en route procedures;
Complete required procedures for equipment and vehicles to leave the country;
Second expert review of cultural prospecting researching proposal for a final decision;
Design and production of a guiding handbook (tour manual) ;
Driving and security training:
Time: July 2005
Content: training for all active personnel;
Begin completing foreign-affair related procedures for personnel and vehicles;
Preliminary shooting of the documentary within the territory of China;
Adaptive practice and test of driving and security;
Formal stage for the cultural prospecting researching project:
Time: September – November 2005
Location: Xi’an
Content: Second news release and commencement ceremony;
Cultural prospecting researching project underway;
Third news release (India )
Overseas promotion and exchange activities;
Summarization and media “heat preservation period”:
Time: November – December 2005
Content: Summarization and fourth news release (Beijing);
Summarization of prospecting researching results and make related products;
Timely release of prospecting researching results by media agencies (“heat preservation”);
Prospecting Researching result release period:
Time: February – March 2006
Content: Release of special subject program, monograph, monograph, picture album, etc.;
Symposium Xuanzang’s Path;
Fifth news release;
*Unique Publicity and Promotion Values
Profound significance
First-time sweeping investigation for Xuanzang’s Path;
Carrying forward Chinese people’s national spirits of being open-minded, peaceful and brave in explorations;
Adapting to international trends and carrying forward historical significance of cultural exchanges;
High level of concerning
Synchronize with the ever-increasing Xuanzang heat while pushing it to the climax;
A grand event for China, India, Japan, Korea and East Asian nations with the Buddhist culture;
A grand event in the world history of cultural exchanges;
Extended publicity period
Up to a year;
All-directional and continuous publicity and P.R. activities;
Prospecting Researching results will be reported widely by various media agencies;
Authoritative release
Large-scale coverage on major CCTV news channels;
Special reports via authoritative cultural, geographical and science education programs on CCTV-1 and CCTV-10;
3-D coverage by mainstream media agencies both at home and abroad, full-length linkage;
Overseas release of the documentary;
Xuanzang’s Pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures
(Yulinku Cave fresco)
Predictable Hardship and Risk
Path Taken by Xuanzang on His Pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures (Japan)
Risks to personal safety
Professional vehicle driving and maintenance personnel;
Protection by the Xinjiang Military District along the way;
Ask for protection by military police along the way in overseas areas;
Bypassing some politically troubled nations of nations in turmoil;
Personal safety insurance;
Risks in politics and foreign relations
Strictly abide by the government’s religious and foreign policies;
Policy guidance by the Foreign Ministry and the State Religious Administration;
Make sure there will be are no conflicts, either religious or in foreign relations, with traversed countries;
Training on foreign relations and religious policies before leaving the country;
Territory exit and entry for vehicles and equipment
Seek for help from foreign relations offices;
Seek for help from professionals;
The satellite transmission part is limited within the territory of China;
Cross the Tianshan Mountains and the Pamirs
Conditions are more mitigated than those for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau;
Abate high temperature and hypoxia conditions when passing in the summer;
Team doctor and oxygen therapy equipment;
*Appendix
Adventure path in search of enlightenment
It was the 3rd century when Chinese Buddhist monks began their westward journey on a pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures and the practice culminated at the time of Faxian during the 5th century and the time of Xuanzang during early years of the Tang Dynasty, respectively, with Xuanzang’s pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures in particularly becoming a turning point in Asia’s Buddhist history. All those monks had to experience all kinds of hardships, suffering from hunger and death threats, in their search of enlightenment. It was a regular occurrence that they began their journey in groups of dozens but only a few of them finally returned. Xuanzang, however, traveled all alone, with escorts sent by nations moved by his piety. Those escorts were killed, injured or scared off by sandstorms and biting cold. During those years Xuanzang created a miracle demonstrating Chinese people’s adventurous spirit.
The path taken by Xuanzang on his pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures started from Chang’an, going through the Gansu Corridor, cross the Xingxing Valley, entering Hami, the Turpan Basin and Tarim Basin, climbing the Pamirs, surmounting the Daban range in the Hindu Kush to enter India. In his Notes on Western Regions under the Reign of the Great Tang, Xuanzang recorded two places, “Minor Headache” and “Major Headache.” The “Minor Headache” refers to the Pamirs, the “Roof of the World”, with an average altitude of more than 4,000 meters, at the conjuncture of the Tianshan Mountains, the Karakorum Mountains and the Himalayas while the “Major Headache” refers to the Daban range in the Hindu Kush, with an altitude of more than 6,000 meters. Apparently both names came from Xuanzang’s severe altitude stress. As a result of biting cold and hypoxia, when Xuanzang passed through the Kingdom of Gaochang and arrived in Central Asia, of the 25 imperial guards sent by the king Qu Wentai to escort Xuanzang i on his westward journey, only 18 survived, with others either dying of the “headache” or avalanche or being frozen to death on snow- and ice-covered mountains.
Xuanzang’s experience of lecturing on Buddhist scriptures in India and gaining an eminent reputation …
Xuanzang was the most typical and perfect representative of excellent traditions in Chinese Buddhism as well as one of the true explorers in China’s history (Zhao Puchu).
Raodmap for Xuanzang’s Westward Journey
Clashes and echoes of two major civilizations
The Tang Dynasty at its height of prosperity was the acme of China’s full-fledged ancient cultures as well as a period witnessing with the most successful cultural exchanges between China and foreign nations, with Xuanzang being the most fruitful messenger in such cultural exchanges. With his feet, he created a cultural path from China, going through western regions and Persia, to India.
Marx once sighed that although ancient India created a brilliant civilization, the “Indian society was devoid of a history at all, at least a known history.” Xuanzang recorded 110 nations he visited in person and 28 nations he heard about in his Notes on Western Regions under the Reign of the Great Tang, which was the most detailed record of the Indian society and history at that time. 1,300 years later, based on his records, India’s archeologists finally unearthed a series of Indian Buddhist ruins buried for nearly a thousand years, revealing the Indian history during the Middle Ages.
“It would be totally important to reconstruct the Indian history if not for works by Xuanzang, Faxian and others.”
———— Ali, Indian historian
“The debt owned by the Indian history to Xuanzang can never be overestimated.”
———— Smith, British historian on Indian history
“Without Xuanzang…, they (India people) would have not even known that Buddha is an Indian!”
———— Sun Shuyun, a lone traveler on Xuanzang’s Path
Thanks to his historical contributions to the development and prosperity of Buddhism in various Asian nations, Xuanzang has become a widely known name in Japan, South Korea and Central/Southeast Asian nations, where intermittent explorations and investigations on Xuanzang’s Path have never stopped. The Japanese version of roadmap for Xuanzang’s westward journey is extremely informative, which, together with Xuanzang’s portraits from different periods, books and textual researches on Xuanzang’s life, have provided a valuable reference for China’s Xuanzang studies.
Ethnic Groups in Western Regions during Tang Dynasty
(Dunhuang fresco)
Follow Xuanzang’s footprints
Turk Cavalry in Western Regions during Tang Dynasty
Modern man began retaking Xuanzang’s Path by colonization and plunders, a process that started from India, the end point of Xuanzang’s Path. In 1861, Alexander Cunningham, retired major general of the British a Army and director of the Indian Archaeological Survey, began archeological excavation of medieval India based on Xuanzang’s Notes on Western Regions under the Reign of the Great Tang. In the next 25 years, he followed Xuanzang’s footprints and kept rushing about the whole India, excavating and verifying all important sites recorded by Xuanzang. Bit by bit, the Indian history, buried into oblivion for more than a thousand years, was unfolded before people today. Cunningham said: “the history of medieval India has completely been in darkness, where he (Xuanzang) was the only light.”
(In fact Cunningham’s efforts is being continued today. From May to July 2005, two archeological teams from Japan and Germany will enter the Bamiyan region, Afghanistan, to excavate a lying Buddhist statue of about 300 meter long. Just as in the case of the huge stone statue of Buddha in Bamiyan, which has just been destroyed by the Taliban, the excavation will be conducted according to the Notes on Western Regions under the Reign of the Great Tang. The lying Buddhist statue is five times larger than the huge Bamiyan Buddhist statue. If the project succeeds, it will be deemed as the biggest archeological discovery in the East in this century. Currently, French archeologist 塔兹, who has enter the site, has discovered the ruins of an ancient temple believed to protect the lying Buddhist statue.)
British explorer Stein, who came a little later than Cunningham, also began his Central Asia explorations taking with him Xuanzang’s Notes on Western Regions under the Reign of the Great Tang. At Dunhuang in March 1907, Stein talked a lot to Taoist Wang about his great admiration for Xuanzang and how he followed Xuanzang’s footprints here after crossing unfrequented high mountains and deserts. He wrote: “In China, as long as Xuanzang is concerned, I always have so much to share with anybody, scholars or illiterate persons.” Now, “I have captured what I want in his shining eyes, finally revealing an nearly immersive expression.” Excited, Taoist Wang brought Stein to see the fresco painted by someone he hired about Xuanzang’s western pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures. With Stein’s compliment, the largest treasure in the Dunhuang Cave Library easily fell in the hand of the explorer.
Mingtiegai Pass on Xuanzang’s Eastward Journey Home (at borders of China, Pakistan and Afghanistan)
Ultimate Journey: Retracing the Path of an Ancient Buddhist Monk Who Crossed Asia in Search of Enlightenment by Bernstein, USA
In China, however, more people retake Xuanzang’s Path in search of their spiritual totems. Beginning from the 1980s, Feng Qiyong, well scholar and Redologist (specialist of The Red-chamber Dream research), spent 16 years travelling to Xinjiang seven times, repeatedly hiking the Pamirs to the 4,700-meter high, ice-covered Mingtiegai Pass, and finally located the entrance point for Xuanzang’s journey home from his pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures. Views along the ancient path at the pass and ruins from the Han and Tang Dynasties all match the records in Xuanzang’s Notes on Western Regions under the Reign of the Great Tang. He has recently finished a research paper, Fact Investigation on Ancient Path for Xuanzang’s Eastern Journey Home from His Pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures and held a theme photo exhibition, drawing great attentions from experts, leading to another surge in the cultural & scientific prospecting researching heat for Xuanzang’s Path.
In 1980, Time magazine sent its chief reporter Richard Bernstein to Beijing to establish the magazine’s Beijing office and the sinologist hence began his preparation for retaking Xuanzang’s Path. Due to various obstacles such as China’s level of openness and border problems, his could not realize his aspiration until the end of the last century. Richard Bernstein spent two and a half months taking Xuanzang’s Path all alone. After returning, he published the monograph Ultimate Journey, making a splash in the West. The Chinese version of the book was published in Taiwan in 2002 with a Chinese title of “究竟之旅 – 与圣僧玄奘的千年对话.”
In 1991, CCTV reporter Zhang Ou took the opportunity of participating in the UNESCO-sponsored project of prospecting researching the Silk Road over steppe to preliminarily shoot the path for Xuanzang’s westward journey. Afterwards Zhang Ou became CCTV’s chief reporter in India. He spent 10 years searching places once visited by Xuanzang based on Xuanzang’s Notes on Western Regions under the Reign of the Great Tang and serialized his notes, Follow and Experience Xuanzang’s Path, on CCTV’s website and has recently published a collection of those notes;
In 1999, Sun Shuyun, a TV producer and director temporarily living in Britain, spent 10 months retaking Xuanzang’s Path all alone and published her experience in a collection titled Ten Thousand Miles Without a Cloud outside China in 2003. Its Chinese version will be published this year (the original version is in English);
In August 2003, well-known reporter Tang Shizeng spent three months driving a cross-country car to retake Xuanzang’s Path all alone, an event covered by CCTV. Tang expected to publish his new book New Tang Seng’s Pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures;
In May 2004, the China Association of Evening Newspaper Workers cooperated with various evening newspapers to conduct a large-scale news coverage called “New Journey to the West”, spending 17 days going through the domestic section of Xuanzang’s Path. They plan to continue the coverage into three nations, India, Nepal and Pakistan, in May next year;
…
Such an effort is not limited in China. Due to the region-wide influence of Xuanzang’s pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures on the East Asian region as a whole, there have been always brave explorers in Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian nations who have followed Xuanzang’s path to India through various ways. Not only is the path taken by Xuanzang more than 1,300 years ago on his pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures lit by miraculous brightness of enlightenment and willpower here and there, but magnificent and beautiful views and colorful, diversified cultures along the path will also keep attracting later generations to follow the monk master’s footprints and write new stories about this long-survived path in search of enlightenment.
Stone Tablet – Preface for Great Tang Sanzang Scriptures
Preface for Great Tang Sanzang Scriptures
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